nothing can be farther from the spirit of Christianity than the allowance Cyril would need another way of getting to the prefect if he wanted to exert his power over the city as a whole, and, fatally for her, he would find it in the quiet person of Hypatia. distribution in print form for educational purposes and personal Both Socrates Scholasticus and John of Nikiu—and nearly every other text that describes Hypatia's life—tell the same story of her end, of the actions the Christians took to silence her "power" over Orestes. of the cultivation of her mind, she not unfrequently appeared in public halsall@murray.fordham.edu, The Internet History Sourcebooks Project is located at the History Department of  Fordham University, New York. This happened in the Theophilus also permitted Hypatia herself to establish close relationships with the Roman prefects and other promi… Personal Details and The End. Socrates of Constantinople. tearing her body in pieces, they took her mangled limbs to a place called Hypatia never married and had no children. This happened in the month An English translation of the pertinent extract from the Ecclesiastical History of Socrates ... Suidas, Hesychius, and Illustris, have, with others, spoken of the extraordinary learning and genius of Hypatia. Having succeeded to the school of On account of the self-possession and ease of manner, which she The purpose of the history is to continue the work of Eusebius of Caesarea (1.1). Film: Ancient Personal Details and The End. AD 350–370, d. 415) was an Alexandrine Neoplatonist philosopher in Egypt who was the first well-documented woman in mathematics. A few years later, according to one report, Hypatia was brutally murdered by the Nitrian monks who were a fanatical sect of Christians who were supporters of Cyril. texts related to medieval and Byzantine history. Hypatia was hunted down and kidnapped by a magistrate called Peter and his fellow Christians and taken to the church at Caesareum. 15." from Ecclesiastical History, Bk VI: Chap. Other writers include Socrates Scholasticus, who wrote about her in Ecclesiastical History in 440. admired her the more. Theophilus supported the bishopric of Hypatia's pupil Synesius, who describes Theophilus in his letters with love and admiration. Socrates Scholasticus: The Murder of Hypatia (late 4th Cent.) Instead, he reasons that “she fell a victim to the political jealousy which at that time prevailed. Ecclesiastical History, Socrates Scholasticus Orestes, the governor of … He was the first known layperson to write a church history, which he completed c. Hypatia was hunted down and kidnapped by a magistrate called Peter and his fellow Christians and taken to the church at Caesareum. For Socrates Scholasticus, Hypatia is but one character in a chronicle of competing Christian confessions, her murder a symbol of Cyril’s ongoing mistreatment of the Novatians. Pagan Memory Calendar This is the life of Hypatia in the version by Socrates Scholasticus, told in his Historia Ecclesiastica; English translation based on the Italian version found on … Despite being no fan of Cyril, he does not attribute her assassination to his instigation, though he makes it clear that it happened because of his political conflict with the prefect. The Life of Hypatia by Socrates Scholasticus __Primary Source__ Biographical entry describing her murder. Film: Modern, Medieval Sourcebook: This is the life of Hypatia in the version by Socrates Scholasticus, told in his Historia Ecclesiastica; English translation based on the Italian version found on the site Maat, we would like to thank.. Socrates Scholasticus’ account is the closest in time to the events and clearly states that Hypatia “fell a victim to the political jealousy which at that time prevailed”. in presence of the magistrates. Socrates Scholasticus: The Murder of Hypatia (late 4th Cent. Her father, Theon, was also a mathematician and philosopher, associated with the Musæum (a pagan temple-cum-philosophical school), and assisted her a good deal in getting her started in her work. interviews with Orestes, it was calumniously reported among the Hypatia: An Annotated Bibliography Halsall, Paul. not the least opprobrium, not only upon Cyril, but also upon 439.] For Socrates Scholasticus, Hypatia is but one character in a chronicle of competing Christian confessions, her murder a symbol of Cyril’s ongoing mistreatment of the Novatians. Hypatia (b. ca. According to this account, in 415 a feud began over Jewish dancing exhibitions in Alexandria, which attracted large crowds and were commonly prone to civil disorder of varying degrees. that it was she who prevented Orestes from being reconciled to the bishop. not unfrequently appeared in public in presence of the magistrates. Yet even she fell a victim to the political 15. Permission is granted for electronic copying, 380, d.?) The story by Socrates Scholasticus written soon after Hypatia's death and the version written by John of Nikiu of Egypt more than 200 years later disagree in considerable detail, although both were written by Christians. Historians believe that the most dependable observation of Hypatia's life and death comes from Socrates Ecclesiastical History and the Suda (Viney). For as she had frequent interviews with Orestes, it was calumniously reported among the Christian populace that it … The IHSP is a project independent of Fordham University. There was a woman at Alexandria named Hypatia, daughter of the philosopher Theon, who made such attainments in literature and science, as to far surpass all the philosophers of her own time. Hypatia was an associate of Orestes, the Roman political leader of Alexandria and a rival … Cinaron, and there burnt them. Having succeeded to the school of Plato and Plotinus, she explained the principles of philosophy to her auditors, many of whom came from a distance to receive her instructions. Of Hypatia the Female Philosopher. named Peter, waylaid her returning home, and dragging her from It relates in simple Greek language what the Church experienced from the days of Constantineto the writer's time. © Paul Halsall June 1997 Both Socrates Scholasticus and John of Nikiu—and nearly every other text that describes Hypatia’s life—tell the same story of her end, of the actions the Christians took to silence her “power” over Orestes. Socrates Scholasticus presents Hypatia’s murder as entirely politically motivated and makes no mention of any role that Hypatia’s paganism might have played in her death. philosopher Theon, who made such attainments in literature and 82-84). After tearing her body in pieces, they took her mangled limbs (Life of Hypatia, by Socrates Scholasticus) “Some of them, therefore, hurried away by a fierce and bigoted zeal, whose ringleader was Peter (the reader, a high church position in those illiterate times), waylaid her returning home, and dragging her from her carriage, they took her to the church called Caesareum, where they completely stripped her, and then inhumanly butchered her with pottery shards. and virtue admired her the more. Afterward, the men proceeded to mutilate her and, finally, burn her limbs. Hypatia’s murder is described in the writings of the fth-century Christian historian, Socrates Scholasticus: \All men did both reverence and had her in admiration for the singular modesty of her mind. And of course there’s a film to go along with it, which I tend to find useful if only to help prod students’ imaginations. In The Historia Ecclesiastica, Socrates Scholasticus says that Hypatia wrote a commentary on Apollonius of Perga’s Conic Sections. This text is part of the Internet Medieval Source Book. for Medieval Studies.The IHSP recognizes the contribution of Fordham University, the Home | Ancient History Sourcebook | Medieval Sourcebook |  Modern History Sourcebook | Byzantine Studies Page month of March during Lent, in the fourth year of Cyril's episcopate, under 439.] This affair brought not the least opprobrium, Knowledge about the life of Socrates Scholasticus comes exclusively from his work Historia Ecclesiastica (Church History), which is, however, one of the most reliable works of historical writing. Theon, who made such attainments in literature and science, as to far surpass In The Historia Ecclesiastica, Socrates Scholasticus says that Hypatia wrote a commentary on Apollonius of Perga’s Conic Sections. For as she had frequent interviews use. Of the many accounts of Hypatia's death, the most complete is the one written around 415 by Socrates Scholasticus and included in the Historia Ecclesiastica (Ecclesiastical History).. the Fordham University Center of the self-possession and ease of manner, which she had acquired in consequence from Ecclesiastical History, Bk VI: C… As head of the Platonist school at Alexandria, she also taught philosophy and astronomy. Socrates Scholasticus was interpreted as saying that, while she was still alive, Hypatia's flesh was torn off using oyster shells (tiles; the Greek word is ostrakois, which literally means "with or by oystershells" but the word was also used for brick tiles on the roofs of houses and for pottery sherds). ), from Ecclesiastical History,Bk VI: Chap. Some of them, therefore, hurried away by a fierce and bigoted zeal, whose THERE was a woman at Alexandria named Hypatia, daughter of the Medieval Sourcebook, and other medieval components of the project, are located at THERE was a woman at Alexandria named Hypatia, daughter of the philosopher Theon, who made such attainments in literature and science, as to far surpass all the philosophers of her own time. Plato and Plotinus, she explained the principles of philosophy to her auditors, Other History Sourcebooks: African | East Asian | Global | Indian | Islamic | Jewish |  Lesbian and Gay | Science | Women's, Subsidiary SourcebooksAfricanEastern AsianGlobalIndianJewishIslamicLesbian/GayScienceWomen, Special ResourcesByzantiumMedieval MusicSaints' Lives the tenth consulate of Honorius, and the sixth of Theodosius. document is copyright. ringleader was a reader named Peter, waylaid her returning home, and dragging * After Hypatia's Death . “Neither did she feel abashed in going to an assembly of men. Hypatia was born around 355 into the Roman elite and educated by her famed mathematician father Theon; she would live in his house and work alongside him for her entire life. The history covers the years 305 to 439, and experts believe it was finished in 439 or soon thereafter, and certainly during the lifetime of Emperor Theodosius II, i.e., before 450. And surely nothing can be farther Ecclesiastical dissensions occupy the foreground, for when the Church is at peace, there is nothing for the church historian to relate (7.48.7). He was the first known layperson to write a church history, which he completed c. Hypatia’s death marked the end of paganism and the triumph of Christianity, the final act of a one-hundred-year-old feud waged by the new religion against the ancient world. wrote a history of the Church covering 305 – 439 in an effort to continue the work of Eusebius of Caesarea. By Jonathan MS Pearce • May 15, 2013 • 1 comment. Hypatia never married and had no children. being reconciled to the bishop. all the philosophers of her own time. From 382 – 412, the bishop of Alexandria was Theophilus. Unless otherwise indicated the specific electronic form of the jealousy which at that time prevailed. Neither did she feel abashed in coming to an assembly of men. If you do reduplicate the document, indicate the source. Despite this, Theophilus tolerated Hypatia's school and seems to have regarded Hypatia as his ally. jealousy which at that time prevailed. Fordham University, "Medieval Sourcebook: Socrates Scholasticus: The Murder of Hypatia (late 4th Cent.) The Ecclesiastical History eBook: Scholasticus, Socrates, Boer, Paul, Zenos, A.C.: Amazon.ca: Kindle Store of March during Lent, in the fourth year of Cyril's episcopate, Socrates, also called Socrates Scholasticus, Greek Sokrates, (born c. 380, Constantinople—died c. 450), Byzantine church historian whose annotated chronicle, Historia ecclesiastica (“Ecclesiastical History”), is an indispensable documentary source for Christian history from 305 to 439. The Life of Hypatia By Socrates Scholasticus, from his Ecclesiastical History [Socrates Scholasticus was born in Constantinople c. 380, and died c. 450. pleadings, Hypatia refused to abandon her ideas and convert to Christianity. I… Socrates of Constantinople (Greek: Σωκράτης ὁ Σχολαστικός; c. 380 – after 439), also known as Socrates Scholasticus, was a 5th-century Christian church historian, a contemporary of Sozomen and Theodoret. For all men on account of her extraordinary dignity And surely * The Greek word is ostrakois, literally "oystershells," had acquired in consequence of the cultivation of her mind, she Having succeeded to the school of Plato and Plotinus, she explained The contemporary Christian historiographer Socrates Scholasticus described her in Ecclesiastical History: “ There was a woman at Alexandria named Hypatia, daughter of the philosopher Theon, who made such attainments in literature and science, as to far surpass all the philosophers of her own time. In The Historia Ecclesiastica, Socrates Scholasticus says that Hypatia wrote a commentary on Apollonius of Perga’s Conic Sections. In Alexandria there was a woman named Hypatia, daughter of the philosopher Theon, who made such big attainments in literature and science, that she surpassed all the philosophers of her own time. not only upon Cyril, but also upon the whole Alexandrian church. His Ecclesiastical History (in Greek, 7 volumes) continues the work of Eusebius for the period from A.D. 305 to 439. Wherefore she had great spite and envy owed unto her, and because Hypatia was born around 355 into the Roman elite and educated by her famed mathematician father Theon; she would live in his house and work alongside him for her entire life. under the tenth consulate of Honorius, and the sixth of Theodosius. ‘On a​ fatal day, in the holy season of Lent, Hypatia was torn from her chariot, stripped naked, dragged to the church, and inhumanly butchered by the hands of Peter the reader, and a troop of savage and merciless fanatics: her flesh was scraped from her bones with sharp oyster shells, and her quivering limbs were delivered to the flames.’ Home; Books; Search; Support. the whole Alexandrian church. For all men on account of her extraordinary dignity and virtue providing web space and server support for the project. but the word was also applied to brick tiles used on the roofs of houses. Hypatia (Oudgrieks: ... Behalve Socrates Scholasticus schreef zijn tijdgenoot, de niet-niceense historicus Philostorgius, een hoofdstuk over Hypatia, dat alleen in een epitome werd bewaard, waarschijnlijk geschreven door een niceense bisschop in het 9e-eeuwse Constantinopel. Home > Fathers of the Church > Church History (Socrates Scholasticus) > Book VII. Hypatia (1885) by Charles William Mitchell. Before that the last edition was the Oxford edition of W. Bright (1893), reprinting the text of Husset (1853). 15. Little is known about Socrates. On account for Medieval Studies. Hypatia was an associate of Orestes, the Roman political leader of Alexandria and a rival of the Christian bishop Cyril for control of the city. Socrates tells us that “they called him a pagan idolater, and applied to him many other abusive epithets. Socrates Scholasticus, a contemporary, gives an account very sympathetic to Hypatia, while to John of Nikiu, writing a couple centuries later, Hyaptia was a satanic, devil-worshipping figure. 82-84). Reprinted with permission from Alexandria 2 [1993, pp. Socrates Scholasticus also offered a detailed overview of the unfortunate circumstances that eventually led to the murder of Hypatia in her beloved city. away by a fierce and bigoted zeal, whose ringleader was a reader The current critical edition is that of Hansen (1995). And of course there’s a film to go along with it, which I tend … Her contemporary, Socrates Scholasticus, describes her in his Ecclesiastical History – There was a woman at Alexandria named Hypatia, daughter of the philosopher Theon, who made such attainments in literature and science, as to far surpass all the philosophers of her own time. Ancient Law The Life of Hypatia By Socrates Scholasticus, from his Ecclesiastical History [Socrates Scholasticus was born in Constantinople c. 380, and died c. 450. Neoplatonism may be described as a species of dynamic panentheism. This has not survived. science, as to far surpass all the philosophers of her own time. Although the IHSP seeks to follow all applicable copyright law, Fordham University is not How-To Tutorials; Suggestions; Machine Translation Editions; Noahs Archive Project; About Us. Socrates, also called Socrates Scholasticus, Greek Sokrates, (born c. 380, Constantinople—died c. 450), Byzantine church historian whose annotated chronicle, Historia ecclesiastica (“Ecclesiastical History”), is an indispensable documentary source for Christian history from 305 to 439. an assembly of men. Factfile: Hypatia of Alexandria. Socrates Scholasticus . THERE WAS a woman at Alexandria named Hypatia, daughter of the philosopher Hypatia's murder] brought not the least opprobrium, not only upon Cyril, but also upon the whole Alexandrian church. There was a woman at Alexandria named Hypatia, daughter of the philosopher Theon, who made such attainments in literature and science, as to far surpass all the philosophers of her own time. Translation as in Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers. many of whom came from a distance to receive her instructions. She was best known as a teacher, eventually becoming the head of the Alexandrian neoplatonic school. Socrates Scholasticus, Ecclesiastical History, book 7, chapter 14 So Saint Wonderful slipped from sight, his elevation among the realms of the martyrs proving only temporary. Hypatia’s murder is described in the writings of the fth-century Christian historian, Socrates Scholasticus: \All men did both reverence and had her in admiration for the singular modesty of her mind. Christian populace, that it was she who prevented Orestes from Film: Medieval from the spirit of Christianity than the allowance of massacres, Likewise, Damascius remembers her as pagan martyr in an increasingly hostile Christian age (this, of course, in spite of the close ties she kept with church-going intellectuals throughout her career). As we mentioned before, Alexandria by this time had become a hotbed of different religions, especially alluding to the denominations of both Christianity and Judaism . Despite this, Theophilus tolerated Hypatia 's pupil Synesius, who describes Theophilus in his letters with love and.... Teacher, eventually becoming the head of the document, indicate the Source did she feel abashed in to... ; Support is to continue the work of Eusebius of Caesarea she also taught philosophy and.... His letters with love and admiration reprinting the text of Husset ( 1853 ) known... And personal use deplores her Murder, writing: `` this affair not... 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